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Sports drinks vs electrolyte supplements
If you are an athlete, a coach, or an exercise enthusiast you might have wondered what are the differences between sports drinks vs electrolyte supplements. Moreover, you might be interested in knowing if/when you need either in your life. Sports drinks vs electrolyte supplements – What are they? Sports drinks Sports drinks are, in their simplest form, a combination of water and easily absorbable carbohydrate (e.g. glucose) for hydration and fuel. However, some sports drinks do not contain water (as they come in powdered form), some contain extra ingredients (e.g. electrolytes, creatine, vitamins), some contain multiple type of carbohydrates for better absorption, and some contain no carbohydrate (i.e. sugar-free sports…
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Is protein distribution dead?
Best practices in sports nutrition point athletes to eat protein in moderate doses throughout the day to maximise muscle growth. A recent study explored what happens when a large dose of protein is ingested after resistance training, raising the question: Is protein distribution dead? Current recommendations Current sports nutrition recommendations are to consume around 25-30g of protein per meal in order to maximise muscle growth. Many people consume more than that at lunch and/or dinner; for example, 1 medium Scotch fillet steak has around 50 grams of protein and 1 medium chicken breast around 55. The general consensus has been that the extra protein is not required to stimulate muscle…
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Omega-3 supplements for exercise inflammation
The growing interest in using omega-3 supplements for exercise inflammation stems from the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of these polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exercise produces both inflammation and oxidative stress, which might sound like a bad thing but it’s actually good. The biological responses to exercise allow the body to adapt to training. However, excess inflammation can be counterproductive, especially when it interferes with subsequent training or, even worse, competition. Similarly, injuries and illness generate inflammation and oxidative stress which should be mitigated under certain circumstances. This article is based on a systematic review of 13 studies that analysed the effects of omega-3 supplements on various markers of inflammation and muscle…
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The post-workout meal
By definition, the post-workout meal is whatever an athlete consumes after exercising. The main purpose of this meal is to help with repair and recovery. The post-workout meal The purpose of the post-exercise meal is to replenish: Timing Out of the 3 goals of the post-workout meal, the most pressing is rehydration. Replenishing fluids and electrolytes lost via sweat should be as quickly as possible after training or competition to prevent detrimental health consequences. The replenishment of both glycogen and muscle protein happens in the several hours after exercise. For example, the “anabolic window”, i.e. the period of time in which protein turnover is maximised in the muscles after exercise…
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Why bodyweight matters in sport
In recent years, there has been a tendency away from measuring bodyweight in the general population and within sport. While it is true that obsessing with the number on the scale can be detrimental to mental health and overall health by extension, there are several reasons why bodyweight matters in sport. In this article we will use the terms bodyweight, weight and mass interchangeably, with full knowledge that mass is the correct term. Why bodyweight matters in sport Weight and body fat percentage are not necessarily proxies for exercise performance. However, this does not mean getting on the scales is useless. Below are some of the several aspects of sport…
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How to adjust carbohydrate intake
How to adjust carbohydrate intake is the third article in this short series dedicated to this important source of fuel for physical activity. We have described what are carbohydrates and the use of carbohydrate for sports. In theory, carbohydrate requirements can be calculated knowing a few variables, however in practice there is often a mismatch between estimated and actual requirements. Sources of mismatch Wrong calculations Biological factors These include insulin sensitivity and glucose oxidation rates, which will determine how much carbohydrate the athlete can actually use for fuel. Health conditions Actual vs predicted output In many cases, this is the biggest source of mismatch. Some athletes can predict with a…
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Carbohydrate for sports
The use of carbohydrate for sports has been well-known for several decades. The amount and timing of carbohydrate intake depends on many factors, including the duration, intensity and type of exercise. Roles of carbohydrate in sport As seen in the previous article, the main role of carbohydrate in the body is the production of energy. During exercise, this can translate to: In the time between training or competition bouts, carbohydrate intake is important to: The amount of carbohydrate an athlete requires during and around exercise depends on several factors: It is important to mention the fact that the individual factors listed above can change with habits. When it comes to…
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Making weight for BJJ
Competing in combat disciplines and other weight category sports require athletes to make weight. In this article we’ll explore what are the challenges and common mistakes when making weight for BJJ. What is making weight? In many sports, including combat disciplines, athletes compete in weight categories (a.k.a. classes) with the purpose of making competition more fair. The actual categories depend on the sport and other factors such as the affiliation or type of event (e.g. Olympic Games vs world championship). Making weight refers to the process of manipulating an athlete’s weight to fall within the limits of their weight class. This usually involves losing weight as it is advantageous for…
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Training the gut
Training the gut is a sports nutrition strategy designed to allow athletes to handle increased amounts of food and fluid to meet their training and competition requirements. Gastrointestinal symptoms Many athletes, particularly those participating in intense and/or prolonged exercise, suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) discomfort. The symptoms are highly individual and can include bloating, abdominal cramping, diarrhea and vomiting (1, 2). On the most severe end of the spectrum, athletes may experience ischemic colitis and small bowel infarctions, which may require surgical resection (2). Regardless of severity, GI symptoms can certainly affect both performance and recovery (2). Factors The following factors play a role in the development of gastrointestinal symptoms in…
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Sleep and nutrition in athletes
Sleep and nutrition in athletes is an often overlooked aspect of recovery and performance. In this article, we explore the multiple factors that can affect an athlete’s sleep quality and quantity. Sleep in athletes Many athletes suffer from sleep issues, including short duration of sleep (a.k.a. sleep deprivation) and sleep disturbances (e.g. insomnia, waking up at night) (1, 2). The factors that may contribute to sleep issues in athletes include: Muscle soreness (1) and pain Intense training (1) Early or late training sessions or competition (2, 3, 4) Poor sleep hygiene, including screen use close to bedtime (2, 3) Stress, nerves and/or anxiety due to competition or other reasons (2,…
